NAME

     create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect - bitmap generator for a  circu-
     lar conductor inside a rectangular conductor (part of atlc)


SYNOPSIS

     create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect [options... ]  d  W  H  x  y  Er
     outfile.bmp


WARNING

     This man page is not a complete set  of  documentation.  See
     the  html  files for more complete information. So far, I've
     not managed to install the html files  into  /usr/local,  so
     you  will  have  to  look into the atlc-X.Y.Z/docs/html-docs
     directory for them.


DESCRIPTION

     create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect is a pre-processor for atlc, the
     finite  difference  programme  that is used to calculate the
     properties of a two-conductor electrical  transmission  line
     of     arbitrary     cross     section.     The    programme
     create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect is used as a fast  way  of  gen-
     erating  bitmaps  (there  is  no need to use a graphics pro-
     gramme), for a circular conductor inside a rectangular  con-
     ductor, like this:

     --------------------------------------------------------  ^
     |                                                      |  |
     |                                                      |  |
     |                                                      |  |
     |                                                      |  |
     |                                                      |  |
     |           Dielectric, permittivity=Er                |  |
     |                                                      |  |
     |                                                      |  |
     |                                                      |  |
     |                                                      |  |
     |         <------x------> ^                            |  H
     |       *****             |                            |  |
     |    ***********          y                            |  |
     |   *************         |                            |  |
     |   **************        |                            |  |
     |   <-----d------>        v                            |  |
     |   **************                                     |  |
     |   *************                                      |  |
     |    ***********                                       |  |
     |        ***                                           |  |
     |                                                      |  |
     -------------------------------------------------------   v
     <---------------------------W-------------------------->

     The parameters 'W' and 'H' and the inner dimensions  of  the
     outer  conductor.  The inner conductor has a diameter of 'd'
     and is offset from the centre of the outer conductor  by  an
     amount  'x'  horizontally  and  'y'  vertically.   The space
     between the inner and outer conductors is  a  dielectric  of
     relative  permittivity  'Er'.  If  there  is  just  a vacuum
     dielectric, then 'Er' should be set to 1.0

     The bitmap is printed to standard output, which MUST be  re-
     directed to either a file in one of the following two ways.

     create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect  d W H x y Er > filename.bmp OR
     create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect -f filename.bmp d W H x y Er

     The bitmaps produced by create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect are  24-
     bit bit colour bitmaps, as are required by atlc.

     The permittivities of the bitmap, set by 'Er', determine the
     colours in the bitmap. If Er1 is 1.0, 1.006, 2.1, 2.2, 2.33,
     2.5, 3.3, 3.335, 3.7, 4.8,  10.2  or  100  then  the  colour
     corresponding  to that permittivity will be set according to
     the colours defined in COLOURS below. If Er is  not  one  of
     those  permittivities, the region of permittivity Er will be
     set to the colour 0xCAFF00. The programme atlc does not know
     what these permittivites are, so atlc, must be told with the
     -d command line option, as in example 4 below.


OPTIONS

     -b bitmapsize
     is used to set the size of the bitmap, and so  the  accuracy
     to  which  atlc is able to calculate the transmission line's
     properties. The default value for 'bitmapsize'  is  normally
     4,  although  this  is set at compile time. The value can be
     set anywhere from 1 to 15, but more than 8 is  probably  not
     sensible.

     -f outfile

     -v
     Causes create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect to  print  some  data  to
     stderr. Note, nothing extra goes to standard output, as that
     is expected to be redirected to a bitmap file.



COLOURS

     The 24-bit bitmaps that atlc expects, have 8  bits  assigned
     to  represent the amount of red, 8 for blue and 8 for green.
     Hence there are 256 levels of red, green and blue, making  a
     total of 256*256*256=16777216 colours. Every one of the pos-
     sible 16777216 colours can be defined precisely by the stat-
     ing the exact amount of red, green and blue, as in:

     red         = 255,000,000 or 0xff0000
     green       = 000,255,000 or 0x00ff00
     blue        = 000,000,255 or 0x0000ff
     black       = 000,000,000 or 0x000000
     white       = 255,255,255 or 0xffffff
     Brown       = 255,000,255 or 0xff00ff
     gray        = 142,142,142 or 0x8e8e8e

     Some colours, such as pink, turquiose,  sandy,  brown,  gray
     etc  may mean slightly different things to different people.
     This is not so with  atlc,  as  the  programme  expects  the
     colours  below  to  be EXACTLY defined as given. Whether you
     feel the colour is sandy or yellow is up to you, but if  you
     use  it  in your bitmap, then it either needs to be a colour
     recognised by atlc, or you must define  it  with  a  command
     line option (see OPTIONS and example 5 below).
     The following conductors are recognised by atlc:
     red    = 255,000,000 or 0xff0000 is the live conductor.
     green  = 000,255,000 or 0x00ff00 is the grounded conductor.
     black  = 000,000,000 or 0x000000 is the negative conductor

     All bitmaps must have the live (red)  and  grounded  (green)
     conductor.  The  black conductor is not currently supported,
     but it will be used to indicate a negative conductor,  which
     will  be  needed  if/when  the  programme  gets  extended to
     analyse directional couplers.

     The following dielectrics are recognised by atlc and so  are
     produced by create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect.

     white     255,255,255 or 0xFFFFFF as Er=1.0   (vacuum)
     white     255,202,202 or 0xFFCACA as Er=1.0006 (air)
     blue      000,000,255 or 0x0000FF as Er=2.1   (PTFE)
     Mid gray  142,242,142 or 0x8E8E8E as Er=2.2   (duroid 5880)
     mauve     255.000,255 or 0xFF00FF as Er=2.33  (polyethylene)
     yellow    255,255,000 or 0xFFFF00 as Er=2.5   (polystyrene)
     sandy     239,203,027 or 0xEFCC1A as Er=3.3   (PVC)
     brown     188,127,096 or 0xBC7F60 as Er=3.335 (epoxy resin)
     Terquoise 026,239,179 or 0x1AEFB3 as Er=4.8   (glass PCB)
     Dark gray 142,142,142 or ox696969 as Er=6.15  (duroid 6006)
     L. gray   240,240,240 or 0xDCDCDC as Er=10.2  (duroid 6010)
     D. Orange 213,160,077 or 0xD5A04D as Er=100   (for testing)
     If the permittivity is one not in the above list, then those
     parts  of  the  image  with Er1 will be set to 0xCAFF00, and
     those parts with Er2 to 0xAC82AC.


EXAMPLES

     Here   are    a    few    examples    of    the    use    of
     create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect.  Again, see the html documenta-
     tion in atlc-X.Y.Z/docs/html-docs for more examples.

     In the first example, there is just an  air  dielectric,  so
     Er1=Er2=1.0.   The inner of 1x1 inches (or mm, miles etc) is
     placed centrally in an outer with dimensions 3 x 3 inches.
     The exact place where the  dielectric  starts  (a)  and  its
     width (d) are unimportant, but they must still be entered.

     % create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 > ex1.bmp
     % atlc ex1.bmp

     In this second example, an inner of 15.0 mm x 0.5 mm is sur-
     rounded  by an outer with internal dimensions of 61.5 x 20.1
     mm. There is a material with permittivity 2.1 (Er  of  PTFE)
     below    the    inner    conductor.    The    output    from
     create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect is sent to a file ex1.bmp, which
     is then processed by atlc

     % create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect 61.5 20.1 5 22 0.5 50 15 5 1.0
     2.1 > ex2.bmp
     % atlc ex2.bmp

     In example 3, the bitmap is made larger, to  increase  accu-
     racy, but otherwise this is identical to the second example.
     % create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect -b7 61.5 20.1 5 22 0.5 50 15 5
     1.0 2.1 > ex3.bmp
     % atlc ex3.bmp

     In   the   fourth   example,   instead    of    re-directing
     create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect's  output  to  a file with the >
     sign, it is done using the -f option.
     % create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect -f ex4.bmp 61.5 20.1 5 22  0.5
     50 15 5 1.0 2.1
     % atlc ex4.bmp

     In the fifth example, materials with permittivites 2.78  and
     7.89  are  used.  While  there  is  no  change in how to use
     create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect, since these permittivities  are
     not known, we must tell atlc what they are.

     % create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect 61 20 1 4 22 0.5 50 15 5  2.78
     7.89 > ex5.bmp % atlc -d CAFF00=2.78 -d AC82AC=7.89 ex5.bmp

     In the sixth and final example, the -v  option  is  used  to
     print     some     extra     data     to     stderr     from
     create_bmp_for_circ_in_rect.


SEE ALSO

     atlc(1)                       create_bmp_for_circ_in_circ(1)
     create_bmp_for_microstrip_coupler(1)
     create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect(1)
     create_bmp_for_rect_cen_in_rect_coupler(1)
     create_bmp_for_rect_in_circ(1)
     create_bmp_for_rect_in_rect(1)
     create_bmp_for_stripline_coupler(1)
     create_bmp_for_symmetrical_stripline(1)    design_coupler(1)
     find_optimal_dimensions_for_microstrip_coupler(1) readbin(1)
     http://atlc.sourceforge.net                - Home page
     http://sourceforge.net/projects/atlc       - Download area
     atlc-X.Y.Z/docs/html-docs/index.html       - HTML docs
     atlc-X.Y.Z/docs/qex-december-1996/atlc.pdf - theory paper
     atlc-X.Y.Z/examples                        - examples
     http://www.david-kirkby.co.uk              - my home page
     http://www.david-kirkby.co.uk/ham          - ham radio pages














































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